Total Float: The total amount of time that a schedule activity may be delayed from its early start date without delaying the project finish date, or violating a schedule constraint. Exhibit 5. Here is how it works: Total Float = LF - EF = LS - ES Late Finish (LF) and Early Finish (EF) refer to the latest and earliest times a task can finish, respectively; Late. I never thought such total float and free float were different theories before my PMP exam setup. Activities for this project are as below (output from Define Activities process) –. 3, you. It is the total amount of time any task can be delayed without impacting the delivery date of the project. To compute the early finish date given a duration of 4, we would start counting the activity on the morning of the 10th; therefore, the activity would be completed at the end of day 13, not 14 (10, 11, 12, 13). . Step 1: Obtain the project data. Total float is a value that is used in analyzing CPM schedules. Step 3 – Perform the Backward Pass. Float, sometimes called. Updated February 3, 2023 Developing an accurate project schedule and tracking your team's progress is important for ensuring clients and customers receive the finished. How to show floats in P6. budgeted cost of work performed, for an. To fix this issue, find the milestones that have late date less than the early dates and total float equal zero, and dissolve these milestones. Possitive Float is amount of time available to complete non-critical activities or work items without affecting the total project durationSchedule variance is part of Earned Value Management and helps project managers determine if a project is ahead of or behind schedule and by how much. Float is a valuable parameter for program planning, controlling projects, and coordinating tasks without delaying the overall system. Total Float is the maximum amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the Project. Using a CPM/PERT network enables project managers to analyze a project schedule so as to understand the impact of possible changes, so as to understand what will happen or what may happen. Total Float. RELATED LINKS. The elements that are frequently. On critical path LS = ES and LF = EF hence total float is equal to zero. Here's a post explaining the difference between the two, with an example: Total Float vs Free Float. In this article, we’re going to look in. Total float = 9 days. Total Float = LS – ES or LF – EF. Project Management Institute (PMI) offers PMP certification which is a globally recognized accreditation. If any activity on the critical path is delayed, the completion of the project will be delayed by an equal amount. Determining the critical path requires five steps: Draw the Network Diagram. GPM® and Forensic Total Float By Dr. Activities A, B, C, and D are on the project critical path. We will make the total float equal -50 days and it has a Constraints Finish on an earlier date, so it is easier to filter the. Project Float which is the amount that you can delay a project without delaying the next project. Project management office - An organizational unit that oversees project management-related activities within an organization. PMI-ACP, PMBOK and the PMI Registered Education Provider logo are registered marks of the Project Management Institute, Inc. Total Float vs Free Float. Benefits of Float in Project Management. It is used when project time constraints are important. Date 05/07/2022. Free Float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the successor activity. In project management, the network diagram is a graphical depiction of a project schedule which uses boxes to represent each task. Total Float or Slack: It is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project’s end date. Total float (TF) shows the project completion date and gives the team members flexibility to help them follow the schedule. e. Why High Total Float Can Be Detrimental to Projects One of the critical aspects of project management: Total float. exper. Commit additional resources to work on the zero float tasks that will move the project finish date forward. The result is same while being calculated with MS Project (refer Figure - 1). Resource smoothing. It is calculated for each activity by subtracting the early finish date from the late finish date. It typically indicates a missed date somewhere along the Critical Path. Activities on the critical path have ZERO float. Project management float also works for small-to-medium businesses (SMBs) and industries like construction or just about anything else. Don’t forget to check out the video. Total float [FLOAT]: an activity can be delayed or extended from its early start date without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint. It’s important to have an overview of any. PMP Exam Prep: Variance at Completion (VAC) Posted on July 28, 2021 January 21, 2022. According to A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (Project Management Institute, 2017), the critical path is “the sequence of activities that represents the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible project duration. Step 1: Calculate number of incomplete tasks with high float by looking at the float of each task and noting how many have float of greater than 44 days. At project management, there are different guitar of flute: free float, total float, and project float. Start to Finish Relationship (Dependency) in Project Management. This means that the earliest time it can finish is also the latest time it can finish; therefore, it can’t be delayed. 000208 = 4924800- (1641600+1728000). In project management, the measure of the amount of time that a task can be delayed without impacting the project’s overall completion date is known as Float. TF = LF – EF or LS – ES. The critical path has zero or negative Total Float. Tags: PMP Schedule Management. The CPM method, also known as critical path analysis (CPA), consists in using the CPM formula and a network diagram to visually represent the task sequences of a project. Basically, TF and FF are two critical path method terms. Bài viết "MỌI KIẾN THỨC VỀ PMP®" bao gồm DANH SÁCH CÁC TỪ KHÓA/THUẬT NGỮ QUẢN LÝ DỰ ÁN QUAN TRỌNG mà tác giả tổng hợp được dựa trên:- Kinh nghiệm tác giả đã thi đậu (thi đỗ) ngay lần thi đầu tiên các chứng chỉ quốc tế PMP® (2012), PMI-RMP® (2013), PMI-SP® (2013), PgMP® (2018), PfMP® (2018), PMO-CP® (2018), PMI. Total float refers to the amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting the project's overall duration. the team Manage and prepares all of the following ; Enterprise Project Structure. Calculate the Total Float (TF) and Free Float (FF) for each activity on the Network Diagram. 19 Frequently Asked Questions on Critical Path Method Total Float vs. In preparatory to aforementioned PMP certification exam, it's important to understand the use, connection, and differences of free float vs. TF (Total Float) = Simple formula to calculate total float is our usual formula i. It is calculated for each activity by subtracting the early finish date from the late finish date. Incorporating free float and total float into project management can provide a number of benefits to the project team. Free Float = Lowest ES of successors – EF. Total Float Activity E : Free Float #2 + Free Float #3 = 24 days; Total Float Activity G : Free Float #3 = 16 days; Total Float on critical activity is zero, as shown in the picture of a series of activities in red. Determine the latest start time (LST) and the earliest start time (EST). Practice with our free electronic flashcards of 28 project management formulas. Step 3: Multiply the answer by 100 to. Learn more about it here: Negative Float. I used to reflect they were synonymous. False True 17. C. Best and Worst case. For any remaining activities, in this case Activity 1, the float will be the duration of the critical path minus the duration of this path. Float and Free Float is one of the sources to make such adjustments. Here are some tips to help you make the most of it: Create a detailed project schedule: This includes mapping out all tasks, dependencies, and deadlines. Total Float is the maximum amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project whereas Free Float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without impacting the Early Start date of any of its immediate successors. The more thorough your schedule, the easier it will be to identify and manage float effectively. Track progress regularly: Stay on top of project developments and update your schedule as. ETC = (BAC – EV) / CPI. The terms critical activity and critical task are often used interchangeably in project management. Note that the activity can have a total float value greater or equal to its free float time. Total float and free float pertain to the measure of time, or planning flexibility, connected with ongoing. Step 2: Calculate late start of this activity as the late finish minus activity duration plus 1. 2. The video starts with 3 termsTotal Float, Free Float, and Negative Float. Total Float = LF – EF. 2- The contractor owns the total float: In that case, the contractor delays which are relevant to activities with total float are not counted as delays until all the total floats are burned (Although the variance between planned % and Actual % will be impacted). • Total float This is the total. Float represents the amount of time a particular task can be delayed without jeopardizing or delaying the entire project. Float, or slack, is the amount of time a delayed task can postpone the project's completion. 7 D A C F B E 9 10 4 6 14 11 9 13 G H For E Total Float: Critical path duration – Longest path of E = 38 – 19 = 19 wks Free Float: 16,17,18,19 = 4 wks Project Management Professionals Hot Topics & Challenges - Time Management No one likes to do it, but often it’s necessary and worth it in the end. The two main forms of float are free float and total float. Total: 72. PMP, PMI-ACP. pick two (pick any two): Pick two, sometimes expressed as pick any two, is the principle that in many sets of three desirable qualities, those qualities will be somewhat mutually exclusive. Professional trainer/coach for both traditional and Agile project management methodologies. Critical Path: The tasks which define the completion date of the project. This provides the maximum number of days a task can be delayed without impacting the project’s planned end date. Lưu ý: - Những hoạt động nằm trên Đường Tới hạn có Free Float = Total Float = 0. SPI = EV / PV. LF = (lower) LS – 1. But as soon as you start updating actual progress, the work will force the. 5% = 47. Click Options, then click the Advanced tab. October 1, 2022. This shows you that you can have up to nine days of delays without impacting subsequent tasks and still finish the overall project on time. Negative float occurs in Primavera P6 when the total float is less than Zero, which means that the critical activities in the original plan (activity with zero total floats) are being delayed and the original project completion date is delayed. The drag of activity C is 5 days, the lesser of the parallel activity total float and the original duration of C. Float is a tactic that can be used alongside your existing project management strategies. Gui Ponce de Leon, PE, PMP, LEED AP, PMA Consultants LLC Abstract The critical path method (CPM) is widely used as a project management tool. To make the most of the float, it’s. According to The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), The Critical Path is “the sequence of scheduled activities that determines the duration of the project. A Project Supervision Professional (PMP) ® Exam Prep PurveyorTo avoid such errors, there are several check-ups you can perform. Source: Project Management AcademyI never thought that total float and free float were different concepts before my PMP exam preparation. However, that float is shared between them. com, 347-536-2811. Kelly developed this technique in the late 1950s. If activity 1 has a duration of 6 days and is. You will find definitions, detailed description, and examples of different types of schedule. PMP EXAM CRAM CasaBlanca Publishing Corp | David Geoffrey Litten 2012 48 Bottom-up estimating. This helps to ensure that tasks are completed on time and that the project is completed within the allotted. Preparing a schedule with the appropriate level of detail is difficult. By Praveen Malik, PMP July 22, 2023. 6, the slopes of activities A, B, and C are the same and are steep up. or. – Float depicts the flexibility in a Network Path. Total Float and Free Float are. Free Float: Free float, also known as "slack," is the amount of. Total float is the amount of time a scheduled activity can be delayed without delaying the overall project completion date. (2) Resource Leveling, called Resource Leveling, is a technique that avoids over-allocation. When a project schedule has multiple activity calendars in use, the Total Float values for a string of activities on the same driven network path may be different. Regular project reports keep all of your stakeholders on top of what is happening with the project. The total float time for a zero float task is always 0, which means it must be started as soon as possible and finished on schedule. PERT charts are used by project managers to create. Lag is neither equivalent to Total Float nor to Free Float. It refers to the total. then hit F9. The Total Float values are a just the product of the forward and backward pass through the CPM schedule network. Total float and free float pertain to the measure of time, or planning flexibility, connected with ongoing projects. Free float is the timeframe during which a task can be moved without affecting other tasks. Total float of an activity = (LF - EF) of that activity OR (LS-ES) of that activity. Otherwise, you might encounter negative float for these kinds of activities: In. If the business needs to make up this money, your best bet is to secure an. PMP Exam Set C – Q52. Total float is how long an activity can be delayed without putting off the project completion date. The certification is an endorsement of project management experience and knowledge of its holder. Float or Slack. In Primavera P6 there are two main reasons for existence of negative float: 1. Step 6: Find the Critical Path. The different Types of float are Free Float, Total Float, Project Float, Interfering Float, Independent Float. Total Float. The process of schedule development includes: identification of all activities, sequencing all activities based on dependency, estimating duration of each activity and finalizing the schedule. You've used a computer to generate a schedule, but have you ever wondered what the terms Early Start, Late Finish, Total Float, or Critical Path really mean? This paper offers. Negative float, also known as negative slack, is a common concept in project management that refers to the amount of time that must be saved to complete a project on time. Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification requires knowledge of the project schedule network diagram in terms of types, benefits, and how to create one. Project Management frameworks can be a little dry at times, but. : 508 : 183 If a project network chart/diagram has 4 non-critical paths then that project would have 4 total float. To simplify, total float is the room for delay an activity can have before impacting the end date of the job. Total float: To calculate the total float of a task, subtract the task’s earliest finish from its latest finish. " The total float is split between sequential actions. Megan Bell. Free float and total float - PMP/CAPM from PMI. I never thought that total float and free float were different concepts before my PMP exam preparation. For Critical Path ES = LS and EF = LF; For Critical Path Total Float = 0; Total / Free Float PMP Formulas. Total Float vs Free Float is one of the most important concepts in PMP Certification training. For more of our Project Management videos in themed collections, join our Free Academy of Project Management. 3A, DOE Manual 413. Total Float. Slack is also known as Float in project management. Average float C. vi) Insulation and drywall – 7 days. Total float, free float. Free float which is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the Early Start of its successor activity. The former is called “free float”, and the latter is called “total float”. Using "float" in strategic plans allows management to more effectively regulate how the length of activities affects the completion of the works. Total float is meant for activities not on the critical path. : alk. TF = Late Finish – Early Finish = 7 – 5 = 2 days. Project finish date is later than our defined “Must Finish By Date”. So, I did some research and finally made-up an example to understand the concepts myself. Total Float (TF) Definition: Total float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the overall project finish date. test prep!!!QNA. p. Term #9: Free float (FF) Free float is the same as total float — it even uses the same formula. If a task has float, you can spend more time on it than is allotted, without disrupting the rest of the project schedule. Free float, on the other hand,. Related: Understanding the Project Management Processes and Phases. - Total Float và Free Float của một hoạt động có thể giống hoặc khác nhau, tùy thuộc vào những hoạt động khác trên sơ đồ tiến độ. Or Related: Critical path project management (with step guide) Types of float. When leveraged properly, project managers can shift activities and resources to meet the project objectives and priorities. Solution. 3, you are unsure if a refrigeration. . What is lead time in project management? Based on PMBOK® Guide Sixth Edition. Project Estimation 4. Select the bars icon in the layout tool group at the top of the screen or select View | Bars from the top drop down menu. There is a certain amount of time the project as a whole can be delayed before missing a critical deadline. Total Float is the maximum amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the Project. The critical path is the path through the network that results in the latest completion date of the project. 18. Free Float 4 Steps to Solve PDM. While reading the Head First PMP book, I came to. PMP Question No 2437 - Schedule. + 2 σ. This article examines one of the many kinds of information that such analysis generates--float, more specifically, free float (FF) and total float (TF). As shown in Figure 5. ג€ A CPM critical path is normally characterized by zero total float on the. The two most common types of float are free float and total float. When a task may be postponed without impacting the overall timeline, we say it has "total float. A forward pass in project management is a technique used to move through a project network diagram. The slope of activity (D), on the other hand, has been relaxed by simply starting unit. Total Float: Total Float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project end date or an intermediary milestone. Based on project management in terms of time, discretionary dependency is sometimes referred to as preferred logic, preferential logic or soft logic. You use. Once these task sequences or paths. Total float . With our blog, dive deeper into project management with this comprehensive exploration of Free and Total Float, both critical concepts used to manage projects successfully. The drag of activity D is therefore 5. Wish to contact Atul Gaur, send a twitter. Total Float: Amount of time an activity can be delayed without effecting the Project Completion date. Each type serves a specific purpose and provides valuable insights into project scheduling. You use both of them while analyzing the project. If your setting for calculation the float is set as Late Start – Early start. Preparation for the PMP® certification exam should be inclusive of all earned. Total float = 25 – 16. The total Float value for the activities assigned to a weather calendar would also be different. Critical Path DRAG (Devaux’s Removed Activity Gauge): The amount of time that an activity on the critical. Free float, on the other hand, is the amount of time a task can take before it impacts the next task of the project. Tasks on the critical path (critical tasks) have zero total float. Total Float. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (5th ed. Total Float vs Free Float is one of the most important concepts in PMP Certification training. Free Float: The amount that a task can move without affecting other tasks. Free float and total float - PMP/CAPM from PMI. Free Float represents the amount of time that an activity can be delayed before any successor’s activity will be delayed. Late Start (LS) = LF – Activity Duration (D) + 1; Total / Free Float. The main reason is due to changing a setting in primavera p6 schedule option tab. By the help of the Forward Pass and Backward Pass calculations, the earliest. 7. So Activity 1 has a float of 2. Total Float vs Free Float. 68. Total float = LS - ES or LF - EF Free float: This refers to how long an activity can be delayed. ES = Early Start, EF = Early Finish. It is used to determine the critical path, as well as the float of each task. Total float is often known as the slack. " But let's move on to a more concrete meaning. Once a successful integration takes place, a measurement of the performance to date occurs. GPM represents logical relationships of dated objects – such as activities,. Step 2: Divide total number of incomplete tasks with high float by total number of incomplete tasks. -- 2nd ed. cm. constraint-generated total float would actually make the path longer, with total float being part of the shortest possible duration for the overall project. The PMI’s A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® How) usages day can of an project as one. Note some informal resources may use the terms: VAC formula PMP, VAC PMP, or Variance at Completion PMP. The result of this subtraction is the float value for all the activities on the aforementioned path. Which activities have path (total) float available: _____ 2. So the DCMA 14-point assessment supports negative float. For example the total float for Task A = LS - ES = 4 - 1 = 3 days. 쉽게 설명하면. As defined in project management literature: Total Float is the amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from its start date (early) without delaying the project finish date. Total Float: Amount of time a single task can be delayed without delaying project completion. It brings many benefits, from helping you never miss a deadline to keeping your team focused on what needs to be done. Determine the critical path. This post will outline how to enable the Total Slack, Free Slack and Negative Total Slack in MS Project. In Project Scheduling, Float (or Slack) is the amount of scheduling flexibility. Critical Path Analysis Example – Using 0 and 1 Method. In project management, free float refers to the duration that spans from the finishing point of a scheduled activity while extending to the. Figure 4: Scenario 3 – Activity D Delayed 5 DaysProject Finish Milestone has a -30 days total float so it may have many activities with the same total float. Project Float. To find a critical path on any project or given conditions, you need to follow the below steps; Step – 1: Construct a network diagram. 4 – Using Level of Effort in a progressed schedule + Compute float settings using the Late start – Early start. Interfering float: Interfering float refers to the delay in starting a task rather than a delay in finishing it. The main reason is due to changing a setting in primavera p6 schedule option tab. There are four types of float or slack that you can calculate using a network diagram: total float, free float, project float, and independent float. That’s done by using project management tools such as project network diagrams. There are two types of float: Total Float: The amount that a task can move without affecting the final project completion date. Compare this with Total Float and Free Float on a Network Diagram. 1. In the above diagram, Free Float for activity F = ES of H - EF of F - 1 = 11-10-1 = 0. + 3 σ. Float is a key piece of the critical path. Total Float = LS – ES or LF – EFCritical chain project management (CCPM) and the theory of constraints have received much recent attention, but the basic principles underlying them are available through appropriate use of critical path method. Float, sometimes called slack, is the amount of time an activity, network path, or project can be delayed from the early start without changing the completion date of the project. Negative Float - results when the time. Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification requires knowledge of the project schedule network diagram in terms of types, benefits, and how to create one. You can calculate the total float by subtracting the Early Start date of an activity from its Late Start date. Two important concepts in CPA are Total Float and Free Float. Leads, lags and float are used as part of activity sequencing process. It’s easy to use with workflow. Critical path method (CPM): The critical path method is a step-by-step project management technique for process planning that identifies critical and noncritical tasks, preventing timeframe problems and process bottlenecks. The project float doesn’t influence the deadlines of other following tasks. v) Roof framing – 6 days. Basically, TF and FF are two critical path method terms. And so, again the path of 0-total float through the project eludes you. The ES of an activity is 2 days, and the duration of the activity is 5 days. 34%+13. In strategic planning, there are primarily three kinds of float zero float, total float, and free float. This gives you to total time or “buffer” you have to play with for this activity, before. Activity 2 is on the critical path so it will have a float of zero. In preparing for the PMP certification check, it's major to understand the use, connect, or differences of free float with. I used to think she were synonymously. Technically, there are three different types of float: • Free float This is the total time a single activity can be delayed without affecting the early start of any successor activities. Let’s discuss first a few points/definitions. Walker and James E. 5% of the data points fall within 2 SD. Total Float = Late Start (LS) – Early Start (ES) For this sake, we. You can calculate it by subtracting the Early Start date of the activity from its Late Start Date. E_PERT= (O+P+4×M)/6. Float. The timescale for this bar is ‘Neg Float Bar’. 5. It is the amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the completion of the project. The purpose of resource leveling is to get the most out of available resources. Planned. There are two kinds of float, total. This video explains Negative Float which appears in a schedule when the early dates of an activity are later than the late dates. 1- Free Float. The LBNL EVMS complies with the criteria for project cost and sched-ule control as required by DOE Order 413. Kelly developed this technique in the late 1950s. Total Float and Free Float are used in Critical Path Method (CPM) to. HD69. • TF (Total Float) คือเวลาที่สามารถล่าช้าออกไปได้. Here are some steps you can follow to calculate the total float time of a task: 1. The forward pass helps you understand the project duration and calculate the early start and early finish values (meaning, the earliest day each project task can begin and wrap up). 5. If an activity is on critical path, float (slack) of that activity will be zero. ”. Instructor: Mike Miller. The second method most frequently used is to filter critical activities by specifying a total float less than or equal to zero. Project Victor is a registered mark of Project Victor Co. On any network path, the schedule flexibility is measured by the amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from its early start date without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint, and is termed ג€total float. provides the Construction projects with a high quality Planning and Scheduling service with a team has many years of experience on Power Stations, Oil Refineries & Construction sites. Let's take an example to understand this. 5% = 47. 34% on either side of the mean. Cite this lesson. This paper presents the concept of GPM forensic total float and its role in retrospective schedule analysis, whether in updating or forensic analysis. Negative float is the amount of time by which the early date (start or finish) of an activity exceeds its late date. If not, you still need to consume the free float before you use the total float. How to Calculate Float on the PMP Exam? There are 2 ways to calculate Float, and the answer is the same with either method. total float. Total float is the difference between the finish date of the last activity on the critical path and the project completion date. Float is 0 on the critical path. Total Float: The total amount of time that a schedule activity may be delayed from its early start without delaying the project finish date, or violating a schedule constraint. Besides, there are two popular tools carrying the same names. The critical path method is a lengthy and complex concept. total float. Discretionary dependencies should be fully documented since they can create arbitrary total float values and can limit later scheduling options. This is also why a set period impact to the schedule, such as 30-day delay in receiving direction. Free Float = Lowest ES of successors – EF. total floats. If you have a constrained finish date for the project, the Baseline Schedule should have a Total Float value of 0. Using the Primavera P6 Filter dialog you can create a Near Critical filter using the “is within range of” option in the ‘Is’ column alongside the Total Float parameter. Perception and Using Total Float. . This could either be a free float or a total float. See the below example, for the same activities but with a negative float. Free Float : The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following schedule activities. Another way of looking at negative float is the time beyond the scheduled completion date that a project or activity requires to achieve completion. Tasks which are on the critical path Float (total) of each task The Two Types of Float There are two types of float: Total Float: The amount. MyPM and PMI are not affiliated. In this article, we will be discussing total float vs free float. - Trong bài thi PMP, khi bạn được yêu cầu tính “ Float. Can negative float exist in a schedule network? What impact does it have? How does it impacts the critical path? As a Project Planner or Manager how should work on these cases?These were some of the questions that came up in a recent session on Practical PMP with MS Project. Gui Ponce de Leon, PE, PMP, LEED AP, PMA Consultants LLC Abstract The critical path method (CPM) is widely used as a project management tool. The easiest cause to spot is when constraints are introduced that cannot be met. If you use level of effort or WBS summary activities in your schedule always make sure that the schedule calculates “Total Float” as “Finish Float=Late Finish-Early Finish”. フロート ( 英: float)または スラック ( 英: slack)は、 プロジェクト管理 では、 プロジェクトネットワーク 内のタスクが遅延しても、次の遅延を及ぼさない余裕時間のこと。. Total Float for activity F = (LS - ES) of F. total flying. Total float is the amount of time a scheduled activity can be delayed without delaying the overall project completion date. Total Float: Total Float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project end date or an intermediary milestone. Project float: Project float means there’s a soft deadline and a hard deadline for the project delivery. The DMCA sets this parameter for testing high float values at 44 days. The latest start time (LST) is the last date the task could begin and not cause a delay. Basically, TF and FF are two critical path method terms. The sum of the activity durations in the Critical Path is equal to the Project’s Duration; therefore, a delay to any. 4 Float (Slack) Formulas Float (Slack) of an activity determines how long an activity can be delayed without affecting the project end date. Make a list of all the activities of the project along with their dependencies and their specific times. Answer: Refer to the network diagram.